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A Supercapacitor-Based Energy-Storage
Substation for Voltage-Compensation in Weak Transportation
By Alfred Rufer, David Hotellier,
and Philippe Barrade
A supercapacitive-storage based substation
for the compensation of resistive voltage-drops in transportation
networks is proposed. It allows to feed as a current-source in any
voltage conditions of the line. The system has been designed as
a compensation-substation to be placed at weak points like end-of-line
stations, instead of additional feeding substations. A dedicated
power-electronic converter with an associated control system for
the stabilization of the voltage level at the point of coupling
in case of strong perturbations is proposed. Practical results are
also presented, which have been recorded from a reduced-size prototype.
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Susceptibility of “Ultracapacitors”
to Proton and Gamma Irradiation
By S. Shojah-Ardalan, R. Wilkins,
H. U. Machado, B. A. Syed, S. McClure, B. Rax, L. Scheick, M. Weideman,
C. Yui, M. Reed and Z. Ahmed
Ultracapacitors are promising components for
energy storage, power backup and delivery systems. This study examines
the possible effects associated with gamma and proton irradiation
in selected samples up to 1200 Farad.
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Ultracapacitors as Energy Buffers
in a Multiple Zone Electrical Distribution System
A multiple zone electrical distribution system
architecture augmented with local energy buffers is one method of
addressing the need for redundancy that safety critical and security
systems require. New introductions of x-by-wire functionality, idle-stop
power trains, and electrified engine functions such as electro-mechanical
engine valve actuation also benefit from modular and distributed
local energy buffering offered by ultracapacitors. Ultracapacitors
are non-Faradic surface effect storage devices that offer pulse
power and power cycling capability far in excess of Faradic, bulk
storage, electrochemical cells. Power management for safety critical
systems such as steer, brake and drive by wire benefit from distributed
energy modules that are positioned locally, are lower in mass, and
are more energetic than batteries. Ultracapacitors have already
found application in the propulsion system of conventional gasoline
and diesel hybrid as well as fuel cell hybrid vehicles. The reason
for the acceptance of ultracapacitors in vehicle propulsion systems
is their high pulse power capability, fast transient response, and
high efficiency during discharge and re-charging plus full charge
cycling in excess of 100k cycles. The ultracapacitor is now proven
to be an able augmentation to hybrid power trains as an electrical
peaking unit. In this paper the application of ultracapacitors as
distributed energy storage buffers in the vehicles electrical system
is investigated.
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Ultracapacitor Assisted Electric Drives
for Transportation
Non-Faradic surface effect storage devices
such as ultracapacitors offer pulse power and power cycling capability
far in excess of Faradic, bulk storage, electrochemical cells for
vehicular use. Vehicle applications for electric drives have been
delayed due to technical inadequacy in these fiercely cost sensitive
systems. Particularly in safety critical systems such as steer,
brake and drive by wire where the cost of redundant systems would
be prohibitive. Similarly for the vehicle power train where the
demands for idle-stop and electrification of key functions such
as engine cranking, electromechanical valve actuation and hybridization
are concerned. In this paper both safety critical and power train
systems are re-assessed within the context of distributed energy
storage modules in the vehicle electrical distribution system to
satisfy the requirements for power supply redundancy.
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Ultracapacitor Applications in the
Power Electronic World
There has been a lot of progress in
control and motor design, due to the increasing power demand in
electric applications, as well as ongoing pressures for more environmentally
friendly and high efficiency solutions. However, designers and engineers
have not been successful with regard to the electric power storage
systems. This is due primarily to the fact that batteries are used
to provide the power peaks in most of the currently developed solutions
relying on a power storage system. The deficiencies of battery storage
systems are many and they create a variety of design challenges
for engineers. Batteries have a poor low-temperature performance,
a very limited lifetime under extreme conditions - resulting in
repeated replacement throughout the life of the system - and they
are not designed to satisfy the most important requirements of power
sources: To provide bursts of power in the seconds range over many
hundreds of thousands of cycles.
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Evaluation of Maxwell Technologies PC5
Ultracapacitor
The Parts Analysis and Assurance (PA&A)
group at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) evaluated the PC5 Ultracapacitor
from Maxwell Technologies and this evaluation reports on the results
of the tests done. The PC5 is used in the International Space Station
PEEK (Portable Electrical Equipment Kit). The PEEK hardware provides
electrical power extension cables and outlets as well as 120 to
28Vdc converter units to power portable electrical hardware on the
ISS.
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Ultracapacitors, the
New Thinking in the Automotive World
Due to the increasing power demand
in future vehicles for comfort improvement, as well as ongoing pressures
for more environmentally friendly means of transportation, automotive
manufacturers are developing alternatives to existing fossil fuel-driven
vehicles.
Perhaps the most promising near-term
alternative to fuel-cell vehicles, which will not be ready for volume
production for at least a decade, is hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
technology. While progress has been made in control, engine and
motor design, there has not been much success with regard to the
electric power storage systems. This is due primarily to the fact
that batteries are used to provide the power peaks in most of the
currently developed hybrid electric vehicles. But the deficiencies
of battery storage systems are multiple and they create many design
challenges for automotive engineers.
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Power Modules Enable Electric Drive Systems
Automotive technology is on the brink of a
three-pronged revolution; the transition from heat engine propulsion
to electric drive; 12 volts to 42 volts; and distributed electrical
power. This free white paper explores how drivetrain and distributed
power concepts will satisfy the two converging demands of environment
and consumer which are driving this revolution.
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Top 10 Reasons for Using Ultracapacitors
in Your System Design
Discover 10 ways that Maxwell's ultracapacitors
give system designers more freedom by allowing hybrid power system
solutions that cost less and perform better than non-hybrid solutions.
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Ultracapacitors and the Hybrid Electric
Vehicle
Read about current Hybrid Electric Vehicle
power solutions to learn how Maxwell's ultracapacitors can be used
to improve vehicle performance and safety, while reducing costs,
in this exciting new industry sector.
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Ultracapacitor System Design: Optimizing
Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Fuel Cell Power
The automotive industry's recent push towards
developing electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EV and HEVs) is
a direct response to the growing global pressure to improve the
environment and has resulted in a search for significantly cleaner
and more efficient vehicles.
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